![]() ![]() ![]() This also applies to forward-looking (prospective) calculations into the future.Ĭenturies after the Julian calendar was introduced, it did not yet have a calendar year in the modern sense of AD years. A member of the First Triumvirate, Caesar led the Roman armies in the Gallic Wars before defeating his political rival Pompey in a civil war, and subsequently became dictator from 49 BC until his assassination in 44 BC. The Julian calendar allows dates to be accurately calculated back (retrospective feature), even centuries before Caesar’s time. Gaius Julius Caesar was a Roman general and statesman. The Julian and Egyptian calendars can be formally well synchronised even into the centuries before 45 BC. In the new Julian calendar of Caesar, the length of the standard years (365 days) and the length of the leap years (366 days) were controlled by the “size” of the month February, like today.Īccordingly, the old Egyptian priestly calendar and the new Julian calendar were equally accurate, with an average year length of 365.25 days.īecause of their simple, predictable, reliable, and fixed nature, the Egyptian and Julian calendars (except for the first 52 years of the Julian calendar, the period of uncertain leap years, see below) are easily convertible. The priestly calendar was astronomically much more accurate than the civil calendar and served as a model for Caesar’s Julian calendar. Caesar, advised by the Alexandrian astronomer Sosigenes, introduced the Egyptian solar calendar, taking the length of the solar year as 365 1 / 4 days. After 1461 civil years and 1460 priestly years (Sothis cycle, a total of 533265 days), the two Egyptian calendars “converged”, and this “meeting” was celebrated with a large public festival. However, the calendar of the Egyptian priest-astronomers contained 360+5 days three years long and 360+6 days in the fourth year. For example, in this calendar, the date of the vernal equinox VEQ or any other astronomical date was advanced by one day every four years until it circled the whole year. After Sylla became master of Rome, he wished to make Caesar put away his wife Cornelia, daughter of Cinna, the late sole ruler of the commonwealth, but was unable to effect it either by promises or intimidation, and so contented himself with confiscating her dowry. In the solar civil calendar year, there were 12 months, equally 30 days long and an additional short period, 12*30+5=365 days. At the time of Caesar’s calendar reform, the Egyptian civil calendar had already been a solar calendar with a year length of 365 days for a very long time (2300 years, according to the majority opinion, since Pepi II VI dynasty according to other views about 5000 years). Find who Julius Caesar was, what he looked like, and learn interesting facts about his life. ![]()
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